1. Puranic Origins of Yama Dwitiya
Bhai Dooj (also known as Yama Dwitiya, Bhau Beej in Maharashtra, Bhai Phota in Bengal, and Bhai Tika in Nepal) is celebrated on Kartik Shukla Dwitiya. The festival honors Lord Yamraj and his sister Goddess Yamuna. It marks the culmination of the 5-day Diwali festival.
The scriptures record that Yamuna invited her brother Lord Yamraj to her house countless times. Due to his busy duties in hell, Yamraj kept delaying. Finally, on Kartik Shukla Dwitiya, he surprised her. Yamuna was overjoyed. She bathed his feet, applied a protective sandalwood tilak on his forehead, and fed him sweet preparations. Yamraj was so pleased that he told her to ask for any boon. Yamuna asked that any brother who visits his sister, receives her tilak, eats food served by her, and takes a dip in the Yamuna River on this day should be blessed with long health and protection from untimely death.
2. Sibling Protection Mantras
भ्रातस्तवानुजाताहं भुंक्ष्व भक्तमिदं शुभम्।
प्रीतये यमराजस्य यमुनाया विशेषतः॥
"O brother! Accept this pure food offered by your sister. May this custom bring the supreme satisfaction of Yamraj and Goddess Yamuna, granting you immunity and longevity."


